70 research outputs found
Sequence-to-Set Generative Models
In this paper, we propose a sequence-to-set method that can transform any
sequence generative model based on maximum likelihood to a set generative model
where we can evaluate the utility/probability of any set. An efficient
importance sampling algorithm is devised to tackle the computational challenge
of learning our sequence-to-set model. We present GRU2Set, which is an instance
of our sequence-to-set method and employs the famous GRU model as the sequence
generative model. To further obtain permutation invariant representation of
sets, we devise the SetNN model which is also an instance of the
sequence-to-set model. A direct application of our models is to learn an
order/set distribution from a collection of e-commerce orders, which is an
essential step in many important operational decisions such as inventory
arrangement for fast delivery. Based on the intuition that small-sized sets are
usually easier to learn than large sets, we propose a size-bias trick that can
help learn better set distributions with respect to the -distance
evaluation metric. Two e-commerce order datasets, TMALL and HKTVMALL, are used
to conduct extensive experiments to show the effectiveness of our models. The
experimental results demonstrate that our models can learn better set/order
distributions from order data than the baselines. Moreover, no matter what
model we use, applying the size-bias trick can always improve the quality of
the set distribution learned from data.Comment: Accepted for NeurIPS 202
Clinical outcomes of S2 Alar-Iliac screw technique in the treatment of severe spinal sagittal imbalance: a retrospective 2-year follow-up study
Background: The treatment of adult spinal deformity (ASD) remains a significant challenge, especially in elderly patients. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of the S2AI screw technique in the treatment of severe spinal sagittal imbalance with a minimum 2-year follow-up.Methods: From January 2015 to December 2018, 23 patients with severe degenerative thoracolumbar kyphosis who underwent placement of S2AI screws for long segment fusion were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into group A (no mechanical complications, 13 cases) and group B (with mechanical complications, 10 cases) according to the occurrence of mechanical complications at the last follow-up. Radiographic parameters were compared between groups preoperatively, 1 month postoperatively and at the last follow-up. Risk factors for mechanical complications were analyzed.Results: The incidence of mechanical complications was 43.5% and the revision rate was 17.4%. At 1 month postoperatively, sagittal correction was better in group A than in group B (p<0.05). The area under the curve for predicting mechanical complications of sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), PI (pelvic incidence)-LL at 1 month postoperatively were 0.762 (p=0.035), 0.896 (p=0.001) and 0.754 (p=0.041) respectively and the best cut-off values were 24.1°, 32.8°and 12.0°. The sagittal correction of both groups was partially lost at the last follow-up.Conclusions: A high incidence of mechanical complications was observed in long-segment corrective surgery with the S2AI screw technique for severe spinal sagittal imbalance. Inadequate sagittal correction is a risk factor for the development of mechanical complications.
Effects of larval exposure to the insecticide flumethrin on the development of honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers
Flumethrin is a widely used acaricide, but its improper use often leads to residue accumulation in honeybee colonies, thus threatening the health of honeybees, especially at the larval stage. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the direct toxicity of flumethrin on honeybee (Apis mellifera) larvae by conducting bioassays for immune and detoxification-related enzymes and transcriptome sequencing to determine the potential effects on newly emerged adults who were exposed to flumethrin during the larval stage. Results showed that the higher the concentration of flumethrin the honeybee larvae were exposed to, the greater the damage to the physiology of honeybee larvae and the newly emerged worker bees. When honeybee larvae were exposed to flumethrin concentrations higher than 0.01Â mg/L, the activities of glutathione sulfur transferase and carboxylesterase were affected, and the metabolism-related genes in the head of newly emerged honeybees exposed to flumethrin during the larval stage were down-regulated. Flumethrin concentration higher than 0.1Â mg/L significantly increased mixed-functional oxidase content in honeybee larvae, reduced the larval survival rate, and down-regulated the expression levels of olfactory-related and antioxidant-related genes in newly emerged honeybees. Furthermore, a flumethrin concentration of 1Â mg/L significantly down-regulated the expression levels of immune and detoxification-related genes in newly emerged honeybees. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the response of honeybee larvae to sublethal flumethrin toxicity and could be used to further investigate the complex molecular mechanisms in honeybees under pesticide stress
Continental interior and edge breakup at convergent margins induced by subduction direction reversal: a numerical modeling study applied to the South China Sea margin
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Tectonics 39(11), (2020): e2020TC006409, doi:10.1029/2020TC006409.The dynamics of continental breakup at convergent margins has been described as the results of backarc opening caused by slab rollback or drag force induced by subduction direction reversal. Although the rollback hypothesis has been intensively studied, our understanding of the consequence of subduction direction reversal remains limited. Using thermoâmechanical modeling based on constraints from the South China Sea (SCS) region, we investigate how subduction direction reversal controls the breakup of convergent margins. The numerical results show that two distinct breakup modes, namely, continental interior and edge breakup (âedgeâ refers to continent above the plate boundary interface), may develop depending on the âmaturityâ of the convergent margin and the age of the oceanic lithosphere. For a slab age of ~15 to ~45 Ma, increasing the duration of subduction promotes the continental interior breakup mode, where a large block of the continental material is separated from the overriding plate. In contrast, the continental edge breakup mode develops when the subduction is a shortâduration event, and in this mode, a wide zone of less continuous continental fragments and tearing of the subducted slab occur. These two modes are consistent with the interior (relic late Mesozoic arc) and edge (relic forearc) rifting characteristics in the western and eastern SCS margin, suggesting that variation in the northwestâdirected subduction duration of the ProtoâSCS might be a reason for the differential breakup locus along the strike of the SCS margin. Besides, a twoâsegment trench associated with the northwestâdirected subduction is implied in the presentâday SCS region.This research was supported by the Guangdong NSF research team project (2017A030312002), the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (GML2019ZD0205), the K. C. Wong Education Foundation (GJTDâ2018â13), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science (XDA13010303), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y4SL021001, QYZDYâSSWDQC005, 133244KYSB20180029, and ISEE2019ZR01), the NSFC project (41606073, 41890813, and 41576070), the IODPâChina Foundation, the OMG Visiting Fellowship (OMG18â15), and the Hong Kong Research Grant Council Grants (Nos. 14313816 and 14304820).2021-04-0
Continental Interior and Edge Breakup at Convergent Margins Induced by Subduction Direction Reversal: A Numerical Modeling Study Applied to the South China Sea Margin
The dynamics of continental breakup at convergent margins has been described as the results of backarc opening caused by slab rollback or drag force induced by subduction direction reversal. Although the rollback hypothesis has been intensively studied, our understanding of the consequence of subduction direction reversal remains limited. Using thermoâmechanical modeling based on constraints from the South China Sea (SCS) region, we investigate how subduction direction reversal controls the breakup of convergent margins. The numerical results show that two distinct breakup modes, namely, continental interior and edge breakup (âedgeâ refers to continent above the plate boundary interface), may develop depending on the âmaturityâ of the convergent margin and the age of the oceanic lithosphere. For a slab age of ~15 to ~45 Ma, increasing the duration of subduction promotes the continental interior breakup mode, where a large block of the continental material is separated from the overriding plate. In contrast, the continental edge breakup mode develops when the subduction is a shortâduration event, and in this mode, a wide zone of less continuous continental fragments and tearing of the subducted slab occur. These two modes are consistent with the interior (relic late Mesozoic arc) and edge (relic forearc) rifting characteristics in the western and eastern SCS margin, suggesting that variation in the northwestâdirected subduction duration of the ProtoâSCS might be a reason for the differential breakup locus along the strike of the SCS margin. Besides, a twoâsegment trench associated with the northwestâdirected subduction is implied in the presentâday SCS region
Continental Interior and Edge Breakup at Convergent Margins Induced by Subduction Direction Reversal: A Numerical Modeling Study Applied to the South China Sea Margin
The dynamics of continental breakup at convergent margins has been described as the results of backarc opening caused by slab rollback or drag force induced by subduction direction reversal. Although the rollback hypothesis has been intensively studied, our understanding of the consequence of subduction direction reversal remains limited. Using thermoâmechanical modeling based on constraints from the South China Sea (SCS) region, we investigate how subduction direction reversal controls the breakup of convergent margins. The numerical results show that two distinct breakup modes, namely, continental interior and edge breakup (âedgeâ refers to continent above the plate boundary interface), may develop depending on the âmaturityâ of the convergent margin and the age of the oceanic lithosphere. For a slab age of ~15 to ~45 Ma, increasing the duration of subduction promotes the continental interior breakup mode, where a large block of the continental material is separated from the overriding plate. In contrast, the continental edge breakup mode develops when the subduction is a shortâduration event, and in this mode, a wide zone of less continuous continental fragments and tearing of the subducted slab occur. These two modes are consistent with the interior (relic late Mesozoic arc) and edge (relic forearc) rifting characteristics in the western and eastern SCS margin, suggesting that variation in the northwestâdirected subduction duration of the ProtoâSCS might be a reason for the differential breakup locus along the strike of the SCS margin. Besides, a twoâsegment trench associated with the northwestâdirected subduction is implied in the presentâday SCS region
ChatRadio-Valuer: A Chat Large Language Model for Generalizable Radiology Report Generation Based on Multi-institution and Multi-system Data
Radiology report generation, as a key step in medical image analysis, is
critical to the quantitative analysis of clinically informed decision-making
levels. However, complex and diverse radiology reports with cross-source
heterogeneity pose a huge generalizability challenge to the current methods
under massive data volume, mainly because the style and normativity of
radiology reports are obviously distinctive among institutions, body regions
inspected and radiologists. Recently, the advent of large language models (LLM)
offers great potential for recognizing signs of health conditions. To resolve
the above problem, we collaborate with the Second Xiangya Hospital in China and
propose ChatRadio-Valuer based on the LLM, a tailored model for automatic
radiology report generation that learns generalizable representations and
provides a basis pattern for model adaptation in sophisticated analysts' cases.
Specifically, ChatRadio-Valuer is trained based on the radiology reports from a
single institution by means of supervised fine-tuning, and then adapted to
disease diagnosis tasks for human multi-system evaluation (i.e., chest,
abdomen, muscle-skeleton, head, and maxillofacial neck) from six different
institutions in clinical-level events. The clinical dataset utilized in this
study encompasses a remarkable total of \textbf{332,673} observations. From the
comprehensive results on engineering indicators, clinical efficacy and
deployment cost metrics, it can be shown that ChatRadio-Valuer consistently
outperforms state-of-the-art models, especially ChatGPT (GPT-3.5-Turbo) and
GPT-4 et al., in terms of the diseases diagnosis from radiology reports.
ChatRadio-Valuer provides an effective avenue to boost model generalization
performance and alleviate the annotation workload of experts to enable the
promotion of clinical AI applications in radiology reports
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